BIOLOGY,, ABO BLOOD VERSI 1

A B O Blood

A blood type (also called a blood group) is a classification of blood based on the presence or absence of inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). These antigens may be proteins, carbohydrates, glycoproteins, or glycolipids, depending on the blood group system, and some of these antigens are also present on the surface of other types of cells of various tissues. Several of these red blood cell surface antigens, that stem from one allele (or very closely linked genes), collectively form a blood group system.

Blood types are inherited and represent contributions from both parents. A total of 30 human blood group systems are now recognized by the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT).

Many pregnant women carry a fetus with a different blood type from their own, and the mother can form antibodies against fetal RBCs. Sometimes these maternal antibodies are IgG, a small immunoglobulin, which can cross the placenta and cause hemolysis of fetal RBCs, which in turn can lead to hemolytic disease of the newborn, an illness of low fetal blood counts which ranges from mild to seve.

Blood Group :

Human blood group can be separated into 3 kinds :

1. The blood group of system A, B, AB, and O

2. The blood group of rhesus system

3. The blood group of MN system

1. The blood group of system A, B, AB, and O

Based on the pessence or not agglutinogen, human body group is separated into 4 group of A, B, AB and O. Agglutinogen is substance in red blood cell that it still can be coagulated by agglutinin. Meanwhile agglutinin is substance in blood plsma that cause coagglution in agglutinogen.

a. If someone in red blood cell contains agglutinogen A and blood serum can make agglutinin b, the person has blood group A. The formula of blood group is (A, b)

b. If someone in red blood cell contains agglutinogen B and blood serum can't make agglutinin a, the person has blood group B. The formula of blood group is (B, a)

c.If someone in red blood cell contains agglutinogen a and b but blood serum can make agglutinin, then that person has blood group AB. The formula of blood group is (AB, -)

d.If someone in red blood cell dowsn't contains agglutinogen but the serum of blood has blood group O. The formula of blood group is (-, ab)

Blood type (or blood group) is determined, in part, by the ABO blood group antigens present on red blood cells.

The ABO system is the most important blood group system in human blood transfusion. The associated anti-A antibodies and anti-B antibodies are usually "Immunoglobulin M", abbreviated IgM, antibodies. ABO IgM antibodies are produced in the first years of life by sensitization to environmental substances such as food, bacteria and viruses. The "O" in ABO is often called "0" (zero/null) in other languages.

Phenotype	Genotype
A	AA or AO
B	BB or BO
AB	AB
O	OO

Based on that thing can be conclused that:

3. The blood tasted has blood group A if mixed by serum of agglutinin a coagulates, while if it mixed by serum of agglutinin b it does not coagulate.

4. The blood tasted of blood group B if mixed by serum of agglutinin a does not coagulate, while if it mixed by serum of agglutinin b coagulates.

5. The blood tested has blood group A if it mixed by serum of agglutinin a and b will coagulate.

6. The blood tested has blood group O if it mixed by serum of agglutinin a and b will not coagulate.

Commonly blood transfusion is done in the following condition.

3. When body is lost of much blood and surgery.

4. In burning body.

5. In accident and body is hurt badly

6. Suffering chronical suffer

7. Acute lack of blood

.

Blood Group of Rhesus System

Golongan Darah Sistem Rhesus

Blood grouping based on rhesus system (Rh) is found in 1940 by Landsteiner and Wiener.

a) Positive rhesus (Rh⁺), if his blood group coagulates if given anti-Rh serum.

Rhesus positif (Rh⁺), apabila darahnya menggumpal jika diberi serum anti-Rh.

b) Negative rhesus (Rh^-), if his blood group foes not coagulate if given anti-Rh serum.

Rhesus negative (Rh^-), apabila darahnya tidak menggumpal jika diberi serum anti-Rh.

MN System Blood Group

Golongan Darah Sistem MN

Blood grouping based on MN system is found by Landsteiner and Levine through experiment by using serum for several person who their blood groups are different.

Based on MN system blood group is divided into three those are:

3. Blood group M if his blood coagulates and if given anti-M serum.

Golongan darah M apabila darahnya menggumpal jika diberu serum anti-M

3. Blood group N, if his group coagulates if given anti-N serum.

Golongan darah N, apabila darahnya menggumpal jika diberu serum anti-N.

3. Blood group MN is his blood coagulates if given anti-M and N serum.

Golongan darah MN apabila darahnya menggumpal jika diberi serum anti-M dan N.